Crash by Jerry Spinelli :: Jerry Spinelli Crash

Migrants Effects on Singapore Essay Example

Vagrants Effects on Singapore Essay Singapore is one of the most financially prosperous nation in the South East Asia area. There has been a deluge of outsiders in the nation as of late. I ponder a positive effect in the practical region, anyway in different regions, for example, social and natural zone, outsiders may realize a negative effect. Vagrants realize a positive effect in the affordable part of Singapore. They accommodate a lot of modest labour.Manual work and low status employments are commonly loathed by local people due to the social shame connected and its low compensation. For instance, Chinese transients are frequently utilized in development firms which are occupations disdained by Singaporeans. At the point when employments, for example, these are taken up, occupations are all the more productively taken up and this will advance the financial development of the nation over the long haul. Singapore will in this manner probably advantage from outsiders coming to Singapore economically.Migrants realized a negative effect in the social angle. Singapore, with its high level of outsiders in it populace will unavoidably look with social issues, for example, the disintegration of the Singapore culture and prejudice. Throughout the years, numerous instances of prejudice, particularly through online sight and sound sites, for example, twitter has happened. One model would be the ongoing instance of a young person tweeting on the train â€Å" the Indian next to me was amazingly smelly† Such cases happen consistently in Singapore.The absence of any insights on the web with respect to bigotry in Singapore further demonstrates that the legislature was attempting to cover it up. Regardless of whether this is valid or not, it is surely pleasant that prejudice is an expanding issue in Singapore. In this way, in the social part of Singapore, outsiders achieve a bothersome effect. Transients likewise realize a negative effect in the natural part of Singapore. Singapore is a little nation wi th an extraordinarily high populace thickness, all things considered, open offices are frequently looked for after by the two outsiders and locals.The deluge of vagrants implies that local people and outsiders need to vie for space in the recreation center or on the recreation center and this outcomes in congestion. Moreover, outsiders may not be comfortable with the natural principles of Singapore, and may litter in broad daylight puts as their nation of origin may not be as rigid in the neatness perspective. After some time, this may influence the picture of Singapore, a â€Å"clean and green† city. In this manner, outsiders realize a negative effect in the natural part of Singapore as they seek the utilization of open places and may likewise influence the tidiness of Singapore.Overall, I accept that while vagrants achieve a negative effect on Singapore. This is on the grounds that vagrants are just acceptable somewhat and must be all the more deliberately directed. Having a littler measure of vagrants in Singapore will achieve a general advantage to Singapore. Anyway the enormous number of vagrants in Singapore has likewise caused social and natural issues in Singapore. I thoroughly consider the negatives gauge the positive. Along these lines, they realize chiefly negative effects on the nation.

Core Competencies

Core Competencies Importance of core competences We are going to explain the concept of core competency in this article and how to generate a competitive advantage  for a company. This article will also tell you what contemporary views on core competencies do exist. We will provide a summary of a few cases and studies to describe the complexities of the concept.The term core competency was coined by Dr.C.K Prahalad and Prof. Gray Hamel in 1989. They took examples of various Japanese firms and compared them with their American counterpart. Competence based strategy is the part of an overall strategy that is concerned with integrating technology, know-how (including patents), value and culture in order to create a set of competencies that unfolds superior value for customers and thereby support the product-market strategy of the firmWe should think of the organization as a small sapling which after nourishment develops into a strong tree with core competences as its trunk. This core competency trunk helps in growing branches of diffe rent businesses and then these businesses grow products as fruit. The following graphic pictures this very well. © Shutterstock.com | Creativa ImagesSadly, a lot of companies around the world are not too well versed with the concept of core competencies or fail to recognize actual competencies which may help them with long term.Importance of core competencesCore competencies are the collective learning of the organization, especially how to co-ordinate the diverse production skill and integrate multiple stream of technologies. A company, if it has identified its core competencies, will be capable of creating more value. Core competences must coalesce around individuals working in the organization. These people should recognize their effort in building and strengthening these core competencies. © Entrepreneurial InsightsUnlike physical assets, which do deteriorate over time, competences are enhanced as applied and share across the organization. The competences act as the glue which bind businesses together as well as pave the way for new business development. In other words core competences of a business are also guiding parameters for new markets and diversification.Strategic intentThe process of developing core competencies starts with the strategic intent of being a leader in the market by leveraging the resources. This thought of being a leader in the market is called strategic intent. This concept points out to identifying various opportunity gaps. It is an obsession with writing a competitive agenda, for a long period of time, which is shared with the whole organization.Strategic intent provides a basis for stretching the goals of the organization with barrier breaking initiatives.Framework for leverage (strategic architecture)The next stage towards developing the co re competencies is to leverage the current resources of the organization. This stage is known a developing the strategic architecture. Strategic architecture is a roadmap which predicts what core competencies to build and which related technologies are needed. This step requires the distillation of past and present data to answer the following questions:Change in customer interferenceNew technological possibilitiesCompetitor’s positioningCurrent and future set up of the industryThis exercise allows managers to maintain consistency in their efforts and provides logic for managing linkages across business units. It is helpful in more than one way. Apart from being a useful tool for managing innovation, it also helps in identifying alliances and acquisitions of strategic importance. Internally, this helps the lower management to allocate resources and upper management to keep focus. Leveraging resources and thereafter the development of core competencies requires investment in three different things:a) Technologyb) Governance processc) Collective learningCompanies should invest in all three of them. If not, then you will hamper the development of core competencies. Thus, a company should invest in good governance and learning environment and not just technology.Identifying core competenciesCore competencies play an important role in the process of leverage.   We can identify them using three simple tests:Does the trait provide a major competitive differentiation? Does it provide a unique value proposition to the organization?Does the trait cover a lot of business or is useful only for a single business unit? Is it useful only for current business or for new ones too?Is it hard for competitors to imitate?Core competencies extend to the whole organization, and are part of tactical learning at the same time. We should not confuse a core competence with a core technology. A technology / technical capabilities is complete in itself while a core competence is embedde d inside the organization. Without one another it can’t exist. We should also differentiate between core competencies and core capabilities before moving forward. Core capabilities are crucial for survival but, unlike a core competency, does not confer any specific differential advantage over other competitors in the industry.Importance of core competenciesThe most important advantage of having core competencies is having a long term competitive advantage. These competencies help in bridging the gap between performance and opportunity, thus helping a company in being a potential leader in the industry. By linking traditional business to products and service of the future, the company acquires greater opportunity for success. This also helps in activation of the company by acting as a guideline for diversification.Core competencies are also an indicator that resources are being used in the right places in the right amount. An organization should focus on outsourcing all non-core ac tivities which will streamline the operations to encourage learning environment congruent to their competencies.Core competencies also help in the development of core products. They should have access to all the primary component of a complex product which can help in long term foothold in that particular industry. This complex product can then be used to create a pipeline of products.Core competencies are meaningful if they are related to an attribute valued by the market. Customers need to perceive a consistent difference in important attributes between the producer’s products or services and those of its competitors. Intel particularly uses this. Their core competence lies in developing an array of microprocessors in very short time. With the proved attribute of speed and quality against other competitors, this core competency provides a distinctive competitive advantage.Last but not least, core competencies make a company focus on extensive RD.Losing core competenciesCompanies , especially big ones, have to be really careful when outsourcing a product or service to a different organization while looking to cut cost. In the past, Chrysler has viewed engines in cars as just another component which was outsourced to various Japanese companies. Outsourcing is thus a two bladed sword if not handled properly. While outsourcing can give a short term competitive advantage, it typically contributes very little to developing people skills which help in building core competency.Sometimes lack of forecasting the state of the market and lack of a clear framework can make companies forsake attractive opportunities. It often arises from a lack of clear insight in the core product and the core competencies of a business. It is super important to recognize the importance of core competencies in entering an emerging market.Case studiesMultiple examples from around the world can be cited in support of the concept of core competencies:NEC asserts that they use 18% of their e arnings for RD. NEC of Japan investigates its core competencies every 5 years. With a spending of 18% in RD they have a boastful array of 36 core techniques in total.Apple as an organization developed products which are rich in design and user experience. This gave them a distinguished brand image in the market, which stands even now in the face of multiple competitors. Apple products are sold with high margins.3M as a company is a perfect example of commitment to developing core competencies. It has a range of diversified products which include post-it notes, magnetic tapes, photographic film, pressure sensitive tapes and coated abrasives. These all have quite different production technologies, end-consumers, and channel of distribution. All this is connected with a few competencies in substrates, coatings, and adhesives and a culture which was developed internally during its years of operations.Canon cornered the copier market in 1990s by investing a lot in core competencies. Befo re PC copiers became available in 1982, copying was done on a departmental basis within companies and through commercial copy centers. Copy centers served a range of copying needs, from small copying jobs to large, high speed/high volume projects involving document preparation. Satisfaction of copying needs depend on a copier’s price, quality, performance, features, maintenance, and after-sales support. Those factors became the basis for defining various market segments. The most profitable segment was of course the large volume one in which Xerox was the market leader. Thus a gap existed between the companies’ performance and the opportunity in terms of small volume copier market.   In other words companies around the world were placing a high value on getting a small, relatively inexpensive personal copier and thus an easy-to-use, durable, low priced, and maintenance-free small copier awaited innovation. Canon approached the problem by assembling a task force of 200 people and developed a series of core products; disposable cartridges, instant toner fusers, and other components to decrease the size as well as the cost. Thus, an entirely new product was born which was reliable and required less servicing. This product was developed and launched in less than 3 years, which really put Canon towards becoming a competent player in printer technology.A hospital in Singapore, Mount Elizabeth Hospital, is well known for organ transplantations. That is the core competency of this hospital. This hospital may as well have doctors and nurses from various countries to create a multi-ethnic workforce for better communication with a better patient management. That would be their core competencyArguments and examples against core competency?Prahalad’s paper in 1990 was in many ways ground breaking. This concept changed the paradigm of strategic consulting. The whole western management shifted from the rigid strategic guideline of Michael Porter to a more fluid strateg ic intent. However two decades after the introduction of this concept we are shifting again. The market now is much more dynamic in the presence of rapidly changing markets and user needs. China’s low cost manufacturing and research capabilities can wreak on any manufacturing organizations worldwide.Changing consumer needs are making companies take help of smaller and design companies even for their core products. For example, Apple bought SIRI and Nike taking help of Apple in creating a digital experience for its customers. Netflix, though their core competency is said to be content delivery, but they are now venturing into original content creation too.In my opinion, these examples can’t be taken as argument against core competencies keeping in mind the short term time horizon they are being applied to.End notesCore competency is a fairly hard concept to grasp. The resources and patience required for the development of even a single competency is huge. A strategic mindset and focus on achieving a long term global leadership is important to develop a strategic intent.We think our readers should kind in mind one thing. Core competencies are needed to develop a global leadership and long term competitive advantages. A company may be highly profitable even without developing a core competency, but only for a short period of time.

Robot Ethics and Ethical Issues - 5299 Words

ROBOT ETHICS AND ETHICAL ISSUES ABSTRACT Robot ethics is a branch of applied ethics which endeavours to isolate and analyse ethical issues arising in connection with present and prospective uses of robots. These issues span human autonomy protection and promotion, moral responsibility and liability, privacy, fair access to technological resources, social and cultural discrimination, in addition to the ethical dimensions of personhood. INTRODUCTION Robots are machines endowed with sensing, information processing, and motor abilities. Information processing in robotic systems takes notably the form of perception, reasoning, planning, and learning, in addition to feedback signal processing and control. The coordinated exercise of these†¦show more content†¦In its most basic sense, we define â€Å"robot† as an engineered machine that senses, thinks, and acts: â€Å"Thus a robot must have sensors, processing ability that emulates some aspects of cognition, and actuators. Sensors are needed to obtain information from the environment. Reactive behaviours (like the stretch reflex in humans) do not require any deep cognitive ability, but on-board intelligence is necessary if the robot is to perform significant tasks autonomously, and actuation is needed to enable the robot to exert forces upon the environment. Generally, these forces will result in motion of the entire robot or one of its elements (such as an arm, a le g, or a wheel)†. WHERE ARE THE ROBOTS USED? Labour and services: Nearly half of the world’s 7-million-plus service robots are Roomba vacuum cleaners, but others exist that mow lawns, wash floors, iron clothes, move objects from room to room, and other chores around the home. Robots have been employed in manufacturing for decades, particularly in auto factories, but they are also used in warehouses, movie sets, electronics manufacturing, food production, printing, fabrication, and many other industries. Military and security: Grabbing headlines are war robots with fierce names such as Predator, Reaper, Big Dog, Crusher, Harpy, BEAR, Global Hawk, Dragon Runner, and more. They perform a range of duties, such as spying or surveillanceShow MoreRelatedImportance Of Deontological Ethics In The Movie Robot820 Words   |  4 Pagesphilosophy and ethics, â€Å"argued that morality must ultimately be grounded in the concept of duty, or obligations that humans have to one another, and never in the consequences of human actions† (Tavani, 47). This argument from Kant serves as the foundation for deontological ethics, which believes that morality comes in the form of duties; that humans have the moral duty to do right things and the moral duty to not do bad things. Looking at Frank Robot, with the imagined-knowledge that perhaps Robot has deontologicalRead MoreEthical Challenges of the War in Afghanistan Essay1711 Words   |  7 PagesEthics Paper Ethical Challenges of the War in Afghanistan After ten years of fighting in Afghanistan and Iraq, military leaders still face significant ethical challenges. Because of the challenges associated with waging an unconventional war, military practices and preparations have not evolved to provide sufficient ethical training for personnel in Afghanistan and Iraqi. This essay explores ethical questions that remain unresolved even after a war that has been prosecuted for more than a decadeRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Medical Ethics1739 Words   |  7 PagesRobots are all around us. They are in our computers, homes and cars. They are so prevalent in our day to day activities that we hardly even know they are there. We are constantly trusting systems that are run by robots to accomplish everyday tasks for us. This shows that we are more accepting of robots and the tasks they can successfully do. Today’s technology and research regarding robots is nowhere near where it started when they were first created. We have made great leaps with our researchRead MoreThe Ethics Of Artificial Intelligence1409 Words   |  6 Pagesthat an ethical foundation has already been lain in place. One may presume so based on how integral it has grown to our lives, developing a co-existence with our communications devices, such as in the case of Siri or Google Now in the iOS and Android ecosystems, respectively. Such is not the case, however, as the topic of ethics when developing and maintaining artificial intelligence systems is a hotly debated one. As it turns out, people have opposing viewpoints on what is considered ethical, and whatRead MoreCareer Of Software Engineering And Computer Ethics1341 Words   |  6 PagesProfessional Issues - Ethics Abuah Chukwuedo Kingsleyâˆâ€" October 29, 2014 âˆâ€" A report submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for COMP10120, School of Computer Science, University of Manchester. 1 Contents 1 Summary 3 2 Introduction 3 2.1 What is Ethics? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 The Software Engineering Code of Ethics and Professional Prac- tice 3 4 Analysis 3 5 Comparison 5 6 Bibliography 5 2 1 Summary †The Case of the Killer Robot is a detailed scenario thatRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed Our Life1643 Words   |  7 Pagessurprised by the dramatically changing. Technology in daily life is rapidly pullulating (Kline). However, as the format of our daily life is changing, the conflict of the new lifestyle with the perfection of relevant moral ethics is coming up. We have to take serious in the ethical impacts causing by the new lifestyles, which arises only in thirty to forty years but challenges the structure of society forming hundred years. According to the article Introduction to Philosophy of Technology, â€Å"philosophyRead MoreEssay On Artificial Intelligence1515 Words   |  7 Pagesof AI in our current life, that we don’t even know of. Examples of artificial intelligence include Robots, Robotic Vehicles, and AI software. In today’s world when it comes to use of robots the best example is that Japanese industrial firms are racing to build up humanoid robots to act as domestic helpers for the elderly. Also, South Korea has a goal that 100% of households should have domestic robots by 2020.Whenever we buy something with a credit card, an AI algorithm approves that transaction. WhenRead MoreThe Ethical Issue Of Robotics1199 Words   |  5 Pages The Main Ethical Issue in Robotics Contact: Ganesh Sasidharan Submitted to: Mr. Denard Lynch Submitted: Monday, December 7, 2015 Table of Contents Title Page 1 Table of Contents 2 1.0 Introduction 3 2.1Read MorePersonal Robot or Not: I Robot1397 Words   |  6 Pagespersonal robot completing the long list of chores you left for it has plugged itself in for the night and will be ready for more work tomorrow. Domestic robots or service robots are machines designed to accomplish household chores. These robots are slowly becoming more and more popular in our growing world. â€Å"Starting from humble beginnings in the middle of the twentieth century, the field has seen great successes in manufacturing and industrial robotics, as well as personal and service robots of variousRead MoreRobotic Surgery1375 Words   |  6 PagesRobotic Surgery The ethics of robotic surgery is a multi-faceted topic of debate with many different viewpoints all worthy of deeper exploration and consideration. Medicine is ever-changing due to major technological innovations and government regulations. With all these changing factors in medicine, the focus should always be to provide the best possible care for the end user, or the patients. Is robotic surgery the best way to provide for the end user? There are many concerns and questions

Essay about The Life of William Shakespeare - 1274 Words

William Shakespeare was a very talented man known for his various works of literature. His works include poems, plays, and sonnets. His works are then broken down into tragedies, comedies, and histories. Shakespeare left this world centuries ago, but his writings continue to live throughout the world today. He has greatly impacted the world of literature and his existence will forever be remembered. In 1564, William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon (Hazell 32). It seems that Shakespeare’s career began around the year 1592. This was a tough time for playwrights and actors. There was an outbreak of the bubonic plague which caused concerns for those wanting to watch because of being surrounded by those potentially†¦show more content†¦Along with being translated into every language, Shakespeare’s words reach and are accepted by multiple races and cultures (McMillan). A reason William Shakespeare is accepted by multiple races could be the fact that he do es not ignore the issues and â€Å"tensions† between them and instead makes light of them by including them in his plays such as Othello and The Merchant of Venice. He addresses the struggles between different colors and religions. He never takes a designated side; he simply tells a story which is what has helped him be so well accepted (â€Å"Race – Introduction†). Not only has Shakespeare related to his audiences through racial aspects, but also through common emotional experiences. Shakespeare used his words and made them speak to his audiences using emotional feelings that anyone would naturally feel (McMillan). His works can be classified into three main categories: tragedies, histories, and comedies (â€Å"William Shakespeare† 656). Each of these categories has characters that the audience can relate to somehow. With Shakespeare’s tragedies, his characters are noble heroes that are looked up to that are all facing tragedy. His histories obvio usly tell the stories of events that have happened for people to relate to. William Shakespeare’s comedies have characters that many find irresistible. And lastly, the women in his plays can also be relatable. We can allShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Life And Life1307 Words   |  6 Pages William Shakespeare s life was very interesting, to say the least about him. â€Å"An English playwright and poet, William Shakespeare is often considered the greatest dramatist the world has ever known and the most recognized poet in the English language† (Lindaman). From a very young age, William was a very bright kid, who had gained a love for theater. Ever since that love as a kid, it only grew stronger. Not only did he have a love for theater, but also poetry. Throughout Shakespeare’s life familyRead MoreEssay on The Life of William Shakespeare1042 Words   |  5 PagesThe Life of William Shakespeare William Shakespeare is one of the most identifiable icons of England. Shakespeare was one of the greatest and most influential playwright and poet during his lifetime. He is known as the greatest dramatist of all time due to his many poems and plays, such as â€Å"Shall I Compare Thee To A Summers Day?† and Romeo and Juliet. However, despite being so well known in the world of literature, there is not much known about the childhood of William Shakespeare. William ShakespeareRead MoreThe Life of William Shakespeare Essay664 Words   |  3 Pagesa precious jewel in his head.† (William Shakespeare: As You like It, Act ll scene l.) William Shakespeare, the name of a much appreciated and famous playwright/writer, who is this man? Who is the man many English experts from around the world regard as the â€Å"most read and performed playwright in the world†? (Shakespeare’s life: April 23, 2014). Where was he born? Who was his family? Where did he live? Who exactly was William Shakespeare? John and Mary Shakespeare were simple people dealing in farmRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Life And Life3795 Words   |  16 PagesResearch Paper March 23, 2016 William Shakespeare was born on April 23, 1564, in Stratford-upon-Avon to John Shakespeare and Mary Arden. Shakespeare was assumedly educated at the King?s New School in Stratford with an ?emphasis on the Latin classics, including memorization, writing, and acting classic Latin plays,? writes an article entitled Shakespeare?s Life, found on Foldger Shakespeare Library. He most likely attended until around age fifteen. In late 1582, Shakespeare at age 18 married Anne HathawayRead MoreThe Life of William Shakespeare669 Words   |  3 PagesWilliam Shakespeare, extensively known as one of the greatest writers in the history of the English language in addition to England’s National poet. He has been responsible for the construction of an impense amount of histories, comedies, tragedies and poems. A portion of plays written by William Shakespeare were constructed and designed to influence his audience in many different ways. Wither it be social, cultural or economical each play would stimulate the thoughts and emotions of the audienceRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Life And Life3055 Words   |  13 PagesResearch Paper March 23, 2016 William Shakespeare was born on April 23, 1564, in Stratford-upon-Avon to John Shakespeare and Mary Arden. Shakespeare was assumedly educated at the King?s New School in Stratford with an ?emphasis on the Latin classics, including memorization, writing, and acting classic Latin plays,? writes an article entitled Shakespeare?s Life, found on Foldger Shakespeare Library. He most likely attended until around age fifteen. In late 1582, Shakespeare at age 18 married Anne HathawayRead MoreThe Life and Works of William Shakespeare 2100 Words   |  8 Pages William Shakespeare was born the third child and the first son of John Shakespeare and Mary Arden. It is estimated that he was born on April 22 or 23 of 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon and he died on April 23 of 1616. For that reason it is typically said that his birthday was also on April 23(Lee 8). He married Anne Hathaway and they had three children. William Shakespeare was a man of many talents who wrote numerous pieces in his lifetime. He wrote comedies, histories, tragedies, and romances. ShakespeareRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Life Experiences997 Words   |  4 Pages Kemal 1 Ayesha Kemal Mrs. Holcombe Period: 7 10/05/14 Shakespeare’s Life Experiences William Shakespeare was born on April 26, 1564 to John and Mary Shakespeare. As a child Shakespeare grew up in the town of Stratford-upon-Avon in the United Kingdom. He grew up attending a school called King Edward VI School, where he learned to read, write, and use proper grammar. He continued to attend school until his family had some economic hardships and he was unable to attend university. Instead he got marriedRead MoreLife Of The Mother By William Shakespeare1360 Words   |  6 Pageslife of the mother. Marquis believes that abortion is almost always morally impermissible, except in extreme circumstances, because the fetus has a future life. I will simply evaluate each of the authors reasonings that defend their belief, and give my argument for why I believe Don Marquis’ essay is more convincing. (SUMMARY DEFENSE OF ABORTION) Thompson begins by stating â€Å" a fetus is a person and that killing a person is, in essence, murder, and thus morally wrong.† Thompson uses many analogiesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Life And Accomplishments1819 Words   |  8 PagesAs we all know William Shakespeare was a well known and a highly sought after writer, but did he really deserve all that fame? As early as 1709, with Nicholas Rowe s publication of his edition of Shakespeare s works, the little information that we had about William Shakespeare began to show. Other than several early minor accounts, the preface of Nicholas Rowe s edition contained the first biography of William Shakespeare. Rowe presented eleven known facts about Shakespeare s life. By 1821, however

Teacher-Student Relationships Free Essays

Topic: â€Å"Teacher-Student Relationships and Academic and Behavioral Levels† Introduction The importance of teacher-student relationships will forever be an increasing factor in students’ academic achievements and behaviors. The general topic for this research is how teacher-student relationships affect students’ academic achievements develop or destroy their behavioral skills. This topic brings about a lot of conflicts that leads to many unanswered questions such as ‘What happens to the teacher-student relationships after the early school years? Due to the fact that students go through their most important developmental changes during their middle school years. We will write a custom essay sample on Teacher-Student Relationships or any similar topic only for you Order Now The goal of this study is to advance our under- standing of the longitudinal connections between teacher–child relationships and children’s academic and behavioral development across elementary schools. The criteria used in analyzing and comparing literature was conducting a study by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) using a cooperative agreement that used the scientific collaboration between grantees and NICHD staff. The sequence of this review is set up in a very articulate and organized arrangement. The scope was very limited was seen in this review by the NICHD on Teacher-Student Relationships and Academic and Behavioral Levels. In this study, the keywords are evident in the topic it self, such as: academic achievement which is the level of actual accomplishment or proficiency one has achieved in an academic areas, as opposed to one’s potential. Behavioral Problem is a behavior that is annoying or destructive. Maternal Characteristics are having the qualities of, or befitting a mother. The most important keyword and definition in this study is teacher-student relationship, which is the basic relationship with teachers and the students that they instruct. In this research the teacher-student relationships are based on being positive and impacting the students’ lives in academically and behavioral ways. Main Points In today’s educational world, there is great recognition of the motivation that is present due to the active and positive teacher-student relationships being formed in the schools. In this study, at some point in student’s early school years, teachers are seen as ‘part-time caregivers’ to the students. The bio ecological model and developmental systems theory proposed a conceptual model to advance our understanding of the nature of relationships between teachers and children, and their contribution to children’s development. This model says that good relationships with teachers are defined by a combination of high levels of closeness and low levels of conflict. Closeness in teacher–student relationships is characterized by warmth, positive affects, and open communication. But on the flip side, there is conflict that comes with negativity, hostility, and difficulty in man- aging children’s behavior. There has been arguments that high-quality teacher–child relationships can promote students’ academic and behavioral development by providing an environment of sup- port and emotional security in which children feel confident and supported. Research conducted in preschool and the first years of elementary school has examined the association between the quality of teacher–child relation- ships and children’s development showing modest links between relationship quality and contemporaneous, and on occasion, subsequent development of academic skills. This evidence, however, is limited by its longitudinal scope. There are key transformations in the role of teachers and classroom structure between preschool and the elementary years. Beginning in first grade, teachers become increasingly focused on their role as instructors and less focused on providing warmth and nurturance for children. Additionally, classrooms are structured differently, as children often change teachers for different subjects. They also experience larger class sizes and child-to-teacher ratios that impose new demands on children in terms of self-regulation and socialization. Not to mention, students have fewer opportunities for one-to-one teacher– child interaction. Another study was conducted and aimed at determining the relationship between teachers’ evaluation scores and the students’ academic performance in Ham University of Medical Sciences. This study basically reports that some experts’ opinions suggests that evaluation of the teachers’ performance by the students is the only tangible way and the best kind of evaluation ecause the students are the only people who are directly taught by the professors; hence, they are in the best position to evaluate their teachers’ educational activities. This investigation has two primary goals which are to determine whether; between- and within- child differences in academic achievement and behavior problems are associated with teacher–child relationship quality throughout elementary school and the second goal is to consider whether the importance of teacherâ€⠀œchild relationship quality changes as children move through elementary school. The data used for this study came from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, a large, multi-method longitudinal study of non-parental care experiences and child development. The participants for this study were selected using a conditional sampling plan to ensure that the sample reflected the economic, educational, and ethnic composition of the 10 cities from which participants were recruited. In terms of the measures taken to access the academic achievement field interviewers and teacher reporters used a direct assessment. Reading and math achievement was assessed with the Woodcock– Johnson Psycho-Educational Battery administered in first, third, and fifth grades by field interviewers. Conclusion The results of this study help academic and behavioral development and us to advance our understanding of the longitudinal connections between teachers–student relationships during elementary school. Using a large and diverse database, this is the first study to examine both between- and within-child associations between teacher–student relationship quality and child’s functioning, and how these associations change across the elementary school years. By analyzing data from mothers, teachers, and standardized assessments, this study allows for comparisons across informants. Results from this study indicate that the quality of relationships that teachers report having with children is associated with trajectories of achievement and behavior problems from kindergarten through fifth grade. The observed associations were consistent across informants in the case of child behavior problems, whereas associations with academic achievement emerged only when both relationship qualities and achievements were reported by the teacher. Finally, the importance of the quality of relationships with teachers for children’s development seems to be un-changing, as children get older. One strength of this study is that it tested within- child connections between relationship quality and children’s development. Bibliography Bahadori, M. , Sadeghifar, J. , Peyman, H. , Shams, L. , Sayemiri, K. , ; Nejati, M. (2012). The relationship between teachers’ evaluation scores and the students’ academic performance: a case study in Iran. TTEM- Technics Technologies Education Management, 7(4), 1635-1640. Dictionary. com. n. d. ). Retrieved from www. dictionary. com Maldonado-Carreno, C. , ; Votruba-Drzal, E. (2011). Teacher-Child Relationships and the Development of Academic and Behavioral Skills During Elementary School: A Within- and Between-Child Analysis. Child Development, 82(2), 601-616. doi:10. 1111/j. 1467-8624. 2010. 01533. x Theasurus. com (n. d) Retrieved from www. theasaurus. com Zuosheng Sun1, b. (2012). An Empirical Study on New Teacher-student Relationship and Questioning Strategies in ESL Classroom. English Language Teaching, 5(7), 175-183. doi:10. 5539/elt. v5n7p175 How to cite Teacher-Student Relationships, Essays

The Consumerism Features

Table of Contents Introduction Consumerism in the 18th Century Consumerism before the World War 1 era Consumerism in the Post World War 1 era Consumerism in the twentieth century Conclusion References Introduction It has become a clichà © that the world we inhabit is a consumer centered world, otherwise known as a consumer society. The modern world has been taken over by a consumer culture that stemmed from the consumer revolution. The desire to have luxurious goods and services has come to be common in the modern society (Stearns, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Consumerism Features specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consumerism in the 18th Century The features of consumerism that had prevailed in the pre modern society had a global inclination. Pre-modern consumerism had developed extensively in Asian nations like China and in the Middle East compared to Western Europe. Consumption relied heavily on international trade for instance Chinese silk. Consumerism in the western countries depended heavily on the global consumerism patterns then. It was stimulated by access to new goods from other countries sugar, silk and cotton from India. Also, the huge profits and goods they got from global trade and trade in slaves that benefited western European states and the northern America (Stearns, 2010). As the contacts of western European’s contacts replicated through colonial acquisitions, businessmen and diplomats from the West modeled consumer centered aspects. They wanted to replicate consumer behavior back at their home. Tourism has also contributed to the spread of the European consumerism. Western people persuaded other people to open up to the new forms of consumerism with promises of big markets for western made products in exchange with allowing colonialism. Communities which already had some elements of consumerism merged these elements with those of the people from th e west. Finally consumerism became a norm and came to shape societal elements –the socio-economic changes (Stearns, 2007). Consumerism then did not spread in an even manner. Some form of resistance developed then due conservatism of old communities. Expansion of globalism at the global level had common elements the spreading of goods and methods of marketing used in Western Europe. Economic factors affected consumerism. Some communities had poor economies as compared to others. The spread of consumerism contained aspects of western civilization. Western consumerism patterns are considered to be the most successful (Stearns, 2007). Hilton (2003) observes that when the twentieth century is talked about, consumption, prices and a material culture are terms that cannot be evaded. These form a background of how the 20th century was understood. During this century, notions of producing goods, labor and wage among other forms of ideologies combined to bring about a Productivity Ment ality. This mentality was a big contributor of the growth in consumerism.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The sudden rise in production as a result of the early revolution in industry which was accompanied by massive production of goods and services encouraged consumption. The market rules and forces of supply and demand necessitated a rising in demand. Revolution in industry led to revolution in production. Later, the rise in production led to the rise in the problem of consumption. Need for consumers became the biggest problem. Consumption was raised to a high level such that it became impossible to sustain. However, this religion of consumerism was contrary to the real religion as religion taught a control of desire while consumerism encouraged the desire to consume. In the world of materialism, this culture has to be pulled into science. Business, as a subject was introd uced into American universities as an academic discipline (Stearns, 2010). Consumerism before the World War 1 era The world experienced a business boom in the early 1920s. The economy experienced a stable growth and expansion. The growth in the economy was fueled by three factors; availability of machines to be used in the production process, factories which dealt with processing and manufacturing of goods and a standardized process of mass production. These three factors brought about a certain cycle which was self perpetuating. Standardization in massive production of goods led to a build up of better and effective machinery in the factories. This in turn fuelled higher productivity of goods which was accompanied with higher salaries and wages. With improved production and good wages, a higher demand for goods to consume was inevitable. This demand in turn led to more standardization in production of goods. The business boom progressed until 1929 (Stearns, 2007). The boom in the 1 920s was triggered by a number of factors. One of them was the First World War. This war affected technology in a very big way. The consequences of the war stimulated old industries for instance the steel and petroleum industries thus helping create a ray of new industries like plastic and rayon. The expenditure grew in this period with more being spent on purchasing and establishing new machines for industrial production. Growth in scientific management also came to be at this period. In 1920s, the government of the United States implemented management in science at a very large scale. It invested a lot of money into scientific research. Then, there was a sharp rise in productivity by workers. Earnings of workers swell making them to become regular consumers. There was also the psychology of consumption that had germinated in Americans. It is also referred to as conspicuous consumption; and the culture seemed to dominate the mindset of Americans at the aftermath period of the First World War. Examples of this culture included radio establishment, motion pictures, invention of electronic appliances and a revolution in automobile goods.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Consumerism Features specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The psychology that was inclined to consumption was more visible in the automobile industry. The last factor was the relationship that existed between the government and business. During this period, big businessmen in America enjoyed more than they did enjoy in progressivism. The federal government supported big businesses in an enormous way (Stearns, 2007). Consumerism in the Post World War 1 era After the period of the great depression of the 1930s, more countries began to focus more on Science and Technology. This was seen as a solution to the many problems that were taunting humanity then. There were a lot of innovations and inventions which led to an upsurge of ne w products in the market. Desire to test the newer products that were being produced became the order of the day. Consumption became more of a way of living with people consuming without even considering the dangers posed by some of the products. Concerns about the environment cropped up with people who cared about the environment advocating fro safer consumption patterns. Conservatism arose from these concerns. The conservatives were against the use of products which had detrimental effects to the consumers and the environment. An example is the debate that arose about the effects of using a chemical called dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane – DDT that was used for making pest control chemicals (Stearns, 2010). At the second half of the twentieth century, there was a massive growth of the world population more so in Western European Nations. The growth in the world population can be attributed to the revolution in agriculture. The growth in population due to bettered lives from agricultural production encouraged people to settle and reproduce thus a swell in population that called for increased production of goods to meet the growing population therefore encouraging a culture of consumption (Caldwell, Caldwell, Caldwell, McDonald, Schindlmayr, 2006). Consumerism in the twentieth century Globalization is a strong factor that has promoted the culture of consumerism. In the countries are actively involved in the globalization process like Brazil and the Asian tigers for instance Singapore, South Korea and China, there has been an increase in consumption because of the rapid growth in industry. China has become the second consumer of crude oil in the world because of the high rate at which it is developing to match the pace of the developed world (Agarwal Dubey, 2003).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Massive production of goods and services has cultivated the culture to consume. As nations continue to compete, newer and more diverse goods and services continue to emerge. Therefore, all these are adding up to this culture of consumerism. Production of goods and services has grown to a surplus level. These goods have had to be dumped in the developing world. For instance, The African market has been flooded with Chinese electronic products (Stearns, 2007). Conclusion The modern world is characterized with the culture of consumerism. This culture began in the early years of civilization. However, consumerism gained momentum during the end of 18th century through the early period of the twentieth century. Consumerism has grown due to a number of reasons which include industrial revolution, population growth, and scientific and technological revolution. Though, with adverse effects to the environment, this culture is unlikely to be reversed. References Agarwal, S. K., Dubey, P. S. ( 2003). Environmental scenario for 21st century. NewDelhi: A.P.H. Pub. Corp. Caldwell, J. C., Caldwell, B. K., Caldwell, P., McDonald, P. F., Schindlmayr, T. (2006). Demographic Transition Theory. Berlin: Springer. Stearns, P. N. (2010). World history in brief: Major patterns of change and continuity. Boston: Longman. Stearns, P. N. (2007). World history in documents: A comparative reader. New York: New York University Press. This essay on The Consumerism Features was written and submitted by user Alex Henry to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.